{"id":329,"date":"2011-09-26T18:08:29","date_gmt":"2011-09-26T17:08:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-101\/?p=329"},"modified":"2011-10-22T09:51:39","modified_gmt":"2011-10-22T08:51:39","slug":"convair-mas-rapido-mas-rapido","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-101\/convair-mas-rapido-mas-rapido\/","title":{"rendered":"Convair: M\u00e1s r\u00e1pido, m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"\/
El aviso publicado en Nacional Geographic en marzo de 1960 (imagen: archivo Pablo Luciano Potenze).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Se dice que la aviaci\u00f3n tuvo siempre la obligaci\u00f3n moral de ir cada vez m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido, m\u00e1s alto y m\u00e1s lejos. Suena lindo, pero todo tiene sus l\u00edmites, y lo que parec\u00eda un principio filos\u00f3fico termin\u00f3 abrumado por los costos, la f\u00edsica y hasta el cuidado del medio ambiente.\n<\/p>\n

El aviso que traemos hoy fue publicado en Nacional Geographic en marzo de 1960, cuando los jets de pasajeros estaban cambiando el concepto de tama\u00f1o del mundo y todos pensaban en un futuro de progreso sin fin.\n<\/p>\n

Convair, que hab\u00eda sido un exitoso fabricante de aviones de pasajeros de h\u00e9lice y estaba controlada desde 1953 por General Dynamics, lleg\u00f3 tarde a la puja de los reactores de pasajeros, porque Douglas y Boeing se le adelantaron y tuvieron sus productos listos antes, pero la empresa de San Diego apost\u00f3 al rom\u00e1ntico campo de la velocidad, y prometi\u00f3 un producto revolucionario, fundamentalmente porque ser\u00eda m\u00e1s veloz que todos sus competidores. No fue casual que el cliente m\u00e1s entusiasta del proyecto haya sido el exc\u00e9ntrico Howard Hughes, que coloc\u00f3 un gran pedido para TWA.\n<\/p>\n

El fabricante ten\u00eda cr\u00e9ditos para proponer una m\u00e1quina as\u00ed, porque ven\u00eda de dise\u00f1ar y construir el caza delta m\u00e1s exitoso de la historia norteamericana, el F-106, que superaba mach 2 y puede considerarse el competidor de los Mirage dise\u00f1ado de este lado del Atl\u00e1ntico, y tambi\u00e9n ten\u00eda en producci\u00f3n el B-58, un bombardero mach 2 de 80 toneladas, una maravilla tecnol\u00f3gica para la \u00e9poca.\n<\/p>\n

Pero una cosa es hacer aviones militares a partir de un requerimiento militar, y otra es hacer un avi\u00f3n de transporte estimando las necesidades del mercado, y aqu\u00ed Convair se equivoc\u00f3, y se equivoc\u00f3 dos veces, desde lo comercial y desde lo t\u00e9cnico. El 880 era chico y caro, y ten\u00eda problemas para cumplir con las performances prometidas. Aunque era realmente m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido que sus competidores, esto de nada le sirvi\u00f3 a la hora de conseguir clientes, y las ventas fueron muy peque\u00f1as, al punto que s\u00f3lo se hicieron 65 ejemplares. La empresa trat\u00f3 de crear un derivado m\u00e1s grande y todav\u00eda m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido, el 990 \/ Coronado, pero tampoco tuvo \u00e9xito. Se dice que las p\u00e9rdidas de la f\u00e1brica con ambos modelos fueron del orden de los 450 millones de d\u00f3lares.\n<\/p>\n

Para la historia, quedar\u00e1 como uno de los jets subs\u00f3nicos m\u00e1s veloces jam\u00e1s construidos, pero tambi\u00e9n podr\u00edamos verlo como el primer paso del gran fracaso de la ambici\u00f3n de ir siempre m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido. Los supers\u00f3nicos fueron un fiasco, y hoy todos los jetliners tienen bien limitada la velocidad para no interferir con implacables leyes f\u00edsicas y econ\u00f3micas. La barrera del sonido, que empieza bastante por debajo de la velocidad del sonido, result\u00f3 una barrera demasiado efectiva.\n<\/p>\n

Curiosamente hay un cap\u00edtulo argentino del Convair 880. Jorge Carnicero era en esos a\u00f1os un empresario nacido en la Argentina pero radicado en Estados Unidos, que ten\u00eda una participaci\u00f3n importante en la empresa California Eastern, y adem\u00e1s era agente de ventas de Convair.\n<\/p>\n

Cuando despu\u00e9s de la ca\u00edda de Per\u00f3n se abrieron los cielos argentinos para la operaci\u00f3n de empresas privadas, Carnicero se asoci\u00f3 con Manuel Masllorens (un empresario textil) y otros inversionistas menores para crear la empresa Transcontinental S.A., que empez\u00f3 a volar en 1957. Transcontinental oper\u00f3 originariamente con Curtiss CW-20T y Lockheed 1049H, todos provenientes de California Eastern.\n<\/p>\n

El tema es que las ventas del Convair 880 fueron desde un principio malas, y todo fabricante que quiere imponer un producto necesita mostrar una cartera de clientes m\u00ednima. As\u00ed fue que a instancias de Carnicero la empresa argentina apareci\u00f3 como comprador de dos unidades, que jam\u00e1s existieron. Transcontinental quebr\u00f3 en 1961.\n<\/p>\n

\"\"\/
Un Coronado de Swissair en Ezeiza en los a\u00f1os 60s (foto: Pablo Luciano Potenze).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Se dice que la aviaci\u00f3n tuvo siempre la obligaci\u00f3n moral de ir cada vez m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido, m\u00e1s alto y m\u00e1s lejos. Suena lindo, pero todo tiene sus l\u00edmites, y lo que parec\u00eda un principio filos\u00f3fico termin\u00f3 abrumado por los costos, la f\u00edsica y hasta el cuidado del medio ambiente. El aviso que traemos hoy fue […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3],"tags":[18],"class_list":["post-329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transporte","tag-entre-lineas"],"yoast_head":"\nConvair: M\u00e1s r\u00e1pido, m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido - Gaceta Aeronautica<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-101\/convair-mas-rapido-mas-rapido\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Convair: M\u00e1s r\u00e1pido, m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido - Gaceta Aeronautica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Se dice que la aviaci\u00f3n tuvo siempre la obligaci\u00f3n moral de ir cada vez m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido, m\u00e1s alto y m\u00e1s lejos. 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Suena lindo, pero todo tiene sus l\u00edmites, y lo que parec\u00eda un principio filos\u00f3fico termin\u00f3 abrumado por los costos, la f\u00edsica y hasta el cuidado del medio ambiente. 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