{"id":215,"date":"2010-02-17T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-02-17T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/?p=215"},"modified":"2013-05-18T23:28:06","modified_gmt":"2013-05-18T22:28:06","slug":"exercise-salitre-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/exercise-salitre-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"&ldquo;Salitre II&rdquo;: Air combat training over Atacama desert"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a title=\"Click to enlarge...\" href=\"http:\/\/www.airfighters.com\/photo\/42993\/M\/Chile-Air-Force\/General-Dynamics-F-16AM-Fighting-Falcon\/-\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/09\/647-imagen_2510editada.jpg?w=1140\"><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chilean Air Force F-16s parked at Cerro Moreno with an impressive desert and mountain backdrop (photo by author).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">This was the second edition of the Chilean Air Force-hosted exercise where combined air operation were planned and executed following United Nations (UN) and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) protocols for multinational intervention in conflict areas anywhere in the World. Replicating the script for the 2004 edition of the exercise, an international coalition was assembled and deployed to Northern Chile to simulate a peace-restoring campaign in the framework of a low-intensity conflict with air operations restricted to an enclosed geographical area.  <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Formally, the exercise&#8217;s purpose was to develop interoperability, cooperation and confidence among participating air forces so as to ease assembly of future peace-keeping multi-national and multi-cultural coalitions. Ultimately, though, Salitre II was a prime opportunity for participating forces to share and compare experiences at the planning, controlling, operational and tactical air combat levels.  <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Emphasizing the multi-national character of the exercise, Salitre II brought to Chile a French delegation not present in the earlier version. Two of the participating nations (Argentina and Brazil) were veterans of the 2004 edition while the last two (Chile and the United States) were founding members from two previous, non-UN\/NATO-oriented, versions of the operation (years 2000 and 2002).  <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Four additional nations (Venezuela, Ecuador, Mexico and Bolivia) attended the exercise with non-operating observers who might lead the way to see additional participants in future editions of this war game. Even though it was formally invited, neighbouring Peru decided not to attend nor participate in the exercise in the midst of a political, diplomatic and media frenzy; forcing a number of cosmetic changes to the exercise&#8217;s script so as to prevent misinterpretation that Salitre II was set to simulate a Chilean-Peruvian war. <\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a title=\"Click to enlarge...\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aviationcorner.net\/show_photo.asp?id=146505\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/09\/avc_00146505.jpg?w=1140\"><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The bulk of USAF\u2019s participating forces came from the Louisiana Air National Guard flying F-15 Eagle fighters wearing \u201cBayou Militia\u2019s\u201d blue, yellow and green tail colours (photo by author).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">Salitre II was executed under the leadership of exercise director, general Roberto Sarabia Vilches (Chile), and his multi-national co-directors: Brigadier Carlos Hugo Cavallo (Argentina), brigadier Antonio Egito Do Amaral (Brazil), brigadier general Hugo Tilly Ebensperger (Chile), colonel Xavier Beguin (France) and colonel Bryan Bearden (United States). Air operations were conducted by the Joint Forces Air Commander, Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez Recabarren (Chile), and each national air component was led by major Gustavo Valverde (Argentina), lieutenant colonel David Almeida Alcoforado (Brazil), commander Aldo Carbone Frugone (Chile), lieutenant colonel Christophe Michel (France) and lieutenant colonel Roy Qualls (United States).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Opposition forces (OPFOR) were led by colonel Arturo Silva (Chile) and his flying component was headed by group commanders Jean Pierre Desgroux Ycaza and Leonardo Romanini Guti\u00e9rrez. Foreign observers included colonels Carlos Ramos and Jos\u00e9 Puente (Venezuela), colonels Italo Sologuren and Gustavo Vargas (Bolivia), colonel Javier Alvarado (Mexico) and lieutenant colonel Wilfrido Moya (Ecuador). All in all, participating forces comprised 113 Argentine, 79 Brazilian, 420 Chilean, 140 French and 155 United States air men and women. <\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a title=\"Click to enlarge...\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aviationcorner.net\/show_photo.asp?id=146393\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/09\/avc_00146393.jpg?w=1140\"><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two Argentine Air Force Fighting Hawks taxiing towards the active runway for a preparatory phase training flight (photo by author).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">Participating aircraft and units came from a variety of locations and origins around the World. The hosting service contributed <b>fighter aircraft <\/b>and human strength for both coalition and opposing forces. On the rebel side, they put up F-5 Tigre IIIs from Grupo de Aviaci\u00f3n No. 7 (deployed from Antofagasta to Iquique) and F-16C\/D Fighting Falcon from Grupo 3 (Iquique residents); while coalition forces were allotted F-16A\/B Fighting Falcon from Grupo 8 (Antofagasta). Additional coalition combat strength was provided by V Brigada A\u00e9rea A\/TA-4AR Fighting Hawks (Villa Reynolds, Argentina), 10o. Grupo de Avia\u00e7\u00e3o AMX\/AMX-Ts (Santa Mar\u00eda, Brazil), Escadron de Chasse 1\/12 Mirage 2000Cs (Cambrai-\u00c9pinoy, France) and 122th Fighter Squadron F-15C\/D Eagles (New Orleans, Louisiana, USA). <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><b>Tanker <\/b>support in turn was provided by Boeing 707 conversions from Grupo 10 (Santiago, Chile) and 2\u00b0 Grupo de Transporte (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil); KC-135s from Groupe de Ravitaillement de Vol 93 (Istres &#8211; Le Tub\u00e9, France) and 197th Air Refuelling Squadron (Phoenix Sky Harbor, Arizona, USA) plus a lone I Brigada A\u00e9rea KC-130H Hercules (El Palomar, Argentina). <b>Command and control<\/b> functions were performed by a Grupo 10 Boeing 707 and an Escadron de D\u00e9tection et de Contr\u00f4le A\u00e9roport\u00e9 36 E-3F Sentry (Avord, France). A number of local or foreign logistic support and rescue units were also involved in the exercise and are listed in the table below.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a title=\"Click to enlarge...\" href=\"http:\/\/www.airfighters.com\/photo\/42000\/M\/France-Air-Force\/Boeing-E-3F-Sentry-707-300\/201\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/09\/647-imagen2488editada.jpg?w=1140\"><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The French contingent comprised four Mirage fighters and the main command\/control element, an E-3F Sentry (photo by author).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">The exercise swapped <b>bases <\/b>with the previous edition. This time, Antofagasta was designated as the primary base for participating fighter aircraft while Iquique became the supporting base for tankers, logistics and surveillance aircraft; as well as the &#8220;home&#8221; for OPFOR.  <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The <b>schedule <\/b>comprised a two-day deployment phase (17-18 October), a four-day force integration phase (19-22) and a six-day live exercise (23-29, skipping the week end). A hot wash-up took place on Friday 30 and most aircraft withdrew on Saturday 31. Miscellaneous activities where scheduled for Wednesday 21 (Press Day), Saturday 24 (Community Day\/Open House), Monday 26 (Parliament and officer academies visitors) and Tuesday 27 and Wednesday 28 (special guests including Chilean Minister of Defence, Francisco Vidal Salinas, Chilean Air Force Commander in Chief, general Ricardo Ortega Perrier, Argentine Air Force Chief of Staff, general brigadier Normando Costantino, Brazilian Air Force commander, lieutenant brigadier Juniti Saito, Commander 12th (US) Air Force, lieutenant general Glenn Spears, Chilean Navy Chief of Naval Operations, rear admiral Francisco Guzm\u00e1n Vial, a host of other Chilean Air Force top brass, air, ground and sea cadets, etc.).  <\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a title=\"Click to enlarge...\" href=\"http:\/\/www.airfighters.com\/photo\/42715\/M\/Brazil-Air-Force\/AMX-International-A-1A\/5544\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/09\/647-imagen_1964editada.jpg?w=1140\"><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brazil contributed with half a dozen AMX ground attack fighters, four of them of the single-seat variant (photo by author).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">The <b>conflict scenario<\/b> purportedly took place in an island shared by two extremely poor nations, Calisto and Io, where an insurgent leader has gained access to power and commits crimes and acts of terrorism demanding an United Nations intervention. Coalition forces were assembled with Argentine, Brazilian, Chilean, French and US air forces deploying to Antofagasta. Opposing air forces were played by Chilean Air Force fighters operating out of Iquique.  <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The complete spectrum of <b>flying operations <\/b>comprised air-to-air engagements in beyond-visual-range conditions as well as nav\/strike, combat air patrol, air interdiction and combat search and rescue missions. Flying operations were arranged in two shifts (one in the morning and one if the afternoon). The live exercise morning shift was used to perform combined air operations involving aircraft from all participating air forces following strategic objectives and goals set by the exercise director.  <\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a title=\"Click to enlarge...\" href=\"http:\/\/www.airfighters.com\/photo\/42797\/M\/USA-Air-Force\/Lockheed-WC-130H-Hercules-L-382\/65-0967\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/09\/647-imagen_1956editada.jpg?w=1140\"><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Probably the most exotic participant in Salitre II was WC-130H 65-0967 from the \u201cBayou Militia\u201d (photo by author).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">Afternoon flights, in turn, involved tactical air-to-air and air-to-ground combined operations to further increase flying crews training. Coalition forces employed a collection of colourful call signs during the exercise: Home-owners from FACH&#8217;s Grupo 8 were &#8220;Jaguars&#8221;, Louisiana flyers were &#8220;Jazzes&#8221; and their special operations colleague from Georgia was &#8220;King&#8221;, Brazilian AMXs were &#8220;Centauros&#8221;, Argentine Fighting Hawks were &#8220;Halcones&#8221; while the French Mirages flew as &#8220;Airmaxx&#8221;.  <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Noteworthy <b>Argentine Air Force activities and interventions <\/b>included the appointment of colonel Gerardo Isaac, one of two surviving veterans to the highly controversial attack on aircraft carrier HMS &#8220;Invincible&#8221; (30 June 1982), as chief of staff to the Joint Forces Air Chief for the duration of the exercise. On the air operations side, Friday 23 saw captain Franco Paglione, a KC-130H pilot from I Br A\u00e9, flying with the Louisiana Air National Guard WC-130H crew in a recce, tactical low-level flight and paratrooper dropping mission in the exercise area. Tuesday 27 saw captain Agust\u00edn Gato, an A-4AR pilot from V Br A\u00e9, leading the coalition fighter formations into combat with OPFOR fighters.  <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">In the public relations arena, A-4AR C-907, KC-130H TC-70 and other members of the Argentine delegation were part of the static display in the &#8220;community day&#8221; held in Antofagasta on Saturday 24. Air Force Chief of Staff, brigadier Costantino, Air Operations Commander, brigadier Juan A. Macaya, and officer-commanding Grupo 5 de Caza, colonel Andr\u00e9s Bellocq, were also noted attending the exercise on special occasions.  <\/p>\n<h3>Participating units and aircraft<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" id=\"table2\" border=\"1\" bordercolor=\"#000000\" width=\"100%\" bgcolor=\"#c0c0c0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap><b>Unit<\/b><\/td>\n<td nowrap><b>Type<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Serials<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Remarks<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"4\" nowrap><strong>Arm\u00e9e de l&#8217;Air (French Air Force)<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>EC01.012 &#8220;Cambr\u00e9sis&#8221; <\/td>\n<td nowrap>Mirage 2000C <\/td>\n<td>97\/103-YK, 107\/103-YD, 112\/103-KQ, 114\/103-KU <\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>EDCA00.036 &#8220;Berry&#8221; <\/td>\n<td nowrap>E-3F Sentry <\/td>\n<td>201\/36-CA <\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>GRV 00.093 &#8220;Bretagne&#8221; <\/td>\n<td nowrap>KC-135FR Stratotanker <\/td>\n<td>One unidentified <\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"4\" nowrap><strong>Fuerza A\u00e9rea Argentina (Argentine Air Force)<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>I Br A\u00e9<\/td>\n<td nowrap>KC-130H Hercules<\/td>\n<td>TC-70<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td nowrap>F.28-1000 Fellowship <\/td>\n<td>T-50<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>IV Br A\u00e9<\/td>\n<td nowrap>A-4AR Fighting Hawk<\/td>\n<td>C-902, C-905, C-907, C-909, C-932, C-935 <\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"4\" nowrap><strong>For\u00e7a A\u00e9rea Brasileira (Brazilian Air Force)<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>2\u00b0\/2\u00b0GT &#8220;Cors\u00e1rio&#8221; <\/td>\n<td nowrap>Boeing 707-300C <\/td>\n<td>KC-137 2404 <\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>10\u00ba GAv <\/td>\n<td nowrap>AMX Falc\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td>A-1A 5535, 5537, 5541, 5544; A-1B 5654, 5655 <\/td>\n<td>No squadron marks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"4\" nowrap><strong>Fuerza A\u00e9rea de Chile (Chilean Air Force)<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>Grupo de Aviaci\u00f3n No. 3<\/td>\n<td nowrap>F-16C\/D Fighting Falcon<\/td>\n<td>Unidentified x 6 <\/td>\n<td>Operating from Iquique <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>Grupo de Aviaci\u00f3n No. 7 <\/td>\n<td nowrap>F-5E Tigre III <\/td>\n<td>802 (unconfirmed), 812 plus six unidentified <\/td>\n<td>Operating from Iquique <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>Grupo de Aviaci\u00f3n No. 8<\/td>\n<td nowrap>Bell 412 <\/td>\n<td>H-42, H-46 <\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td nowrap>C-212 Aviocar <\/td>\n<td>Unidentified x 2 <\/td>\n<td>Unit allocation unconfirmed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td nowrap>F-16A\/B (MLU) Fighting Falcon <\/td>\n<td>721, 722, 723, 724, 737 plus three unidentified <\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td nowrap>PA-28-236 Dakota <\/td>\n<td>228 <\/td>\n<td>Unit allocation unconfirmed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>Grupo de Aviaci\u00f3n No. 10 <\/td>\n<td nowrap>Boeing 707-300 <\/td>\n<td>903, 904 (unconfirmed)<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td nowrap>Boeing 737-500 <\/td>\n<td>922 <\/td>\n<td>Press\/VIP transport <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td nowrap>Beech 99 Airliner <\/td>\n<td>301 <\/td>\n<td>VIP transport? <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"4\" nowrap><strong>United States Air Force<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>71 RQS &#8220;Kings&#8221;<br \/>23rd Wing &#8220;Flying Tigers&#8221; <\/td>\n<td nowrap>HC-130P Hercules <\/td>\n<td>64-14863 <\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>122 FS\/149 FW &#8220;Bayou Militia&#8221;<br \/>Louisiana Air National Guard <\/td>\n<td nowrap>WC-130H Hercules <\/td>\n<td>65-0967 <\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td nowrap>F-15C\/D Eagle <\/td>\n<td>78-0503, 78-0510 (special 149FW marks), 78-0515, 78-0536 &#8220;Voodoo Doll&#8221;, 79-0076, 80-0054 <\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>197 ARS &#8220;Copperheads&#8221;\/ 161 ARW<br \/>Arizona Air National Guard<\/td>\n<td nowrap>KC-135R Stratotanker <\/td>\n<td>63-8036, 63-8038 <\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap>Unit not noted <\/td>\n<td nowrap>C-17A Globemaster III <\/td>\n<td>One unidentified <\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Ricardo Viti cooperated in the writing of this report, originally published by Aeromilitaria Argentina.<\/p>\n<hr>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Northern Chile\u2019s crystal clear skies, low population density and limited air traffic provide an ideal background for dissimilar air combat training. Late in 2009, the South American nation was host to the second edition of a a large-scale, multi-national exercise gathering combat aircraft and crews from four American and one European air forces. Masked as a peace-restoring exercise, <b>Salitre II<\/b> was a golden opportunity to see American Eagles, Chilean Fighting Falcons and Tigers, Argentine Fighting Hawks, Brazilian Falcons and French Mirages practice the fine art and science of modern air combat. Gaceta Aeron\u00e1utica was there to illustrate and report.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1966,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[4],"tags":[3,6,26],"class_list":["post-215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-defence","tag-aeromilitaria-argentina","tag-aeromilitaria-chile","tag-argex"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/p-215-650x434.jpg?fit=650%2C434&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1JKRl-3t","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":6001,"url":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/photo-logbook-the-chilean-f-16-that-brought-down-a-british-sea-harrier\/","url_meta":{"origin":215,"position":0},"title":"The Chilean F-16 that &#8220;shot down&#8221; a British Sea Harrier","author":"Carlos Ay","date":"Monday 11 July 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Unique among 30 former Dutch F-16s purchased by Chile at the beginning of the XXI Century is an example which can claim to have shot down a British naval fighter \"in combat\"... read on!","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Defence &amp; security&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Defence &amp; security","link":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/category\/defence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Atacama (2009)","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3031\/07\/212829467_edited.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3031\/07\/212829467_edited.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3031\/07\/212829467_edited.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3031\/07\/212829467_edited.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4010,"url":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/cruzex-flight-2013-learning-to-fight-together\/","url_meta":{"origin":215,"position":1},"title":"Cruzex Flight 2013: learning to fight together","author":"Robert Nispeling &amp; Ronald de Roij - Karo Aviation","date":"Friday 21 March 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Between November 4-15 2013, the seventh edition of the Cruzeiro do Sul Exercise (Cruzex) took place in Natal, Brazil over areas known as Rio Grande del Norte and Pernambuco. Cruzex is a multinational flight exercise, organized by the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) aimed at effectively deploying airpower. The first edition\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Defence &amp; security&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Defence &amp; security","link":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/category\/defence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/cruzex0.jpg?fit=644%2C429&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/cruzex0.jpg?fit=644%2C429&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/cruzex0.jpg?fit=644%2C429&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6377,"url":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/air-war-over-the-beagle-channel-according-to-the-chilean-air-force\/","url_meta":{"origin":215,"position":2},"title":"A Chilean approach to air war over the Beagle Channel","author":"Arturo Max","date":"Monday 23 May 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Largely unnoticed by mass media and most specialist outlets, Chile's Air Force (Fuerza A\u00e9rea de Chile, or FACH) recently released the first edition of its official story about the air war that wouldn't occur around the Beagle Channel dispute with Argentina in the late 1970s. If you're definitely interested in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Defence &amp; security&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Defence &amp; security","link":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/category\/defence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3022\/02\/Tapa.png?fit=1024%2C778&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3022\/02\/Tapa.png?fit=1024%2C778&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3022\/02\/Tapa.png?fit=1024%2C778&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3022\/02\/Tapa.png?fit=1024%2C778&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10184,"url":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/the-first-chilean-viper-twin\/","url_meta":{"origin":215,"position":3},"title":"The first &#8220;Chilean Viper trainer&#8221;","author":"Carlos Ay","date":"Monday 6 January 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"After a protracted competition designated Fighter 2000 (Caza 2000) pitting US, French, Swedish and Russian candidates, the F-16 Fighting Falcon was selected by the Chilean government on December 27, 2000 to bring the nation's fighter force into the XXI Century. Comprising four F-16D and six F-14C Block 50M aircraft, purchase\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Defence &amp; security&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Defence &amp; security","link":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/category\/defence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3024\/12\/LLQA_20180919-Parada-Militar_0115_edited.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3024\/12\/LLQA_20180919-Parada-Militar_0115_edited.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3024\/12\/LLQA_20180919-Parada-Militar_0115_edited.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3024\/12\/LLQA_20180919-Parada-Militar_0115_edited.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":9828,"url":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/fida1984-when-fidae-started-feeling-like-the-latin-american-le-bourget\/","url_meta":{"origin":215,"position":4},"title":"FIDA&#8217;84: When FIDAE first felt like &#8220;the Latin American Salon de Le Bourget&#8220;","author":"Carlos Ay","date":"Thursday 4 April 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Forty years ago, FIDAE lacked the final \"E\" in its acronym and didn't cater for many of the market segments that are usually served in the 21st Century. One of our senior correspondents was there in March 1984 and brings back images, stories and recollections gathered on a week-long stay\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Air shows &amp; aviation events&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Air shows &amp; aviation events","link":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/category\/air-shows\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Tiger II","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3024\/03\/G-AI-26_edited.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3024\/03\/G-AI-26_edited.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3024\/03\/G-AI-26_edited.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/wp-content\/uploads\/3024\/03\/G-AI-26_edited.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1665,"url":"https:\/\/www.gacetaeronautica.com\/gaceta\/wp-102\/the-2005-argentine-exercises-index\/","url_meta":{"origin":215,"position":5},"title":"The 2005 Argentine Exercises Index","author":"Carlos Ay","date":"Thursday 29 November 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"The second Argentine military aviation exercises index in the \u201cGaceta Aeron\u00e1utica Age\u201d is actually an updated version of our original Aeromilitaria Argentina index for 2005. This more complete variant reviews more than 35 exercises, simulations and drills totalling more than 220 days of activity on the field. 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